A zoetrope is a device that produces the illusion of motion from a rapid succession of static pictures. The modern zoetrope was invented in 1833 by British mathematician William George Horner. Phi Phenomenon the optical illusion of perceiving continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession. The phenomenon was defined by Max Wertheimer in the Gestalt psychology in 1912 and along with persistence of vision formed a part of the base of the theory of cinema, applied by Hugo Munsterberg in 1916.
Persistence of vision is the phenomenon of the eye by which an afterimage is thought to persist for approximately one twenty-fifth of a second on the retina.
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